Why Kings Letter from a Birmingham Jail Resounds...

Standing the Test of Time: Why Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail Resounds Throughout American History Dr. Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail is a direct response to A Call for Unity, a letter penned by eight Alabama clergymen including one rabbi. In A Call for Unity, the eight clergymen decry the peaceful protests organized by Dr. King and his fellow civil rights activists. The clergymen claim that the protests are unwise and untimely. In his response written from jail, Dr. King outlines all the reasons why the peaceful protests are both wise and timely, for, in his words, we have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights. There is a clear reason why Dr. Kings legacy remains strong, whereas the clergymens misguided letter has fallen into historys dustbin. Because King writes with skillful logic, appeals to his readers ethics, and proves his credibility as a political leader, Letter from Birmingham Jail is a more effective argument. King writes with a deft sense of logic and organization, which distinguishes him from his fellow clergymen. The letter from the clergymen is shorter than the King letter, showing that the clergymen seemed not to take the time to back up their statements. Twice, the clergymen state that the African-American community should use the judicial system to air grievances rather than use the Constitutionally protected right to organize peaceful political demonstrations. For example, in

Analysis Of The Movie Bill Mcmahon - 2066 Words

Summary and main characters The main characters in the movie are Bill McMahon, Nick Campbell , whilst there are a few other characters that play a significant role such as Stuart, Neha and Mr Chetty. The story is about two friends who have lost their jobs as salesmen and are looking for other jobs, they aren’t very skilled or intellectual but they have very good people skills. They get the opportunity to apply for an Internship at Google, one of the most technologically advanced work places, yet they aren’t tech savvy at all. They form a team and bring a bunch of individuals who would otherwise have no chance, together . They compete in a series of challenges to win an opportunity to be an intern at Google. Throughout the story we see how the team unites and wins the challenges. Bill loses a challenge for his team and decides to leave but Nick is able to convince him to come back, and eventually against all odds they win the internship. Setting The movie is set in the Google headquarters, it is an extremely modern work environment, it is not your normal conventional workplace and because of this it allows for creative thinking. The workplace allows the workers to be themselves and this promotes individuality and this is what Google is about. The setting shows how quickly buisnesses have progressed and Google is a prime example of this, by keeping up with current trends they have made themselves more appealing. Nick and Bill are both shocked with the environment that theyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Framing the User: Social Constructions of Marijuana Users9798 Words   |  40 PagesNever in history have so many mothers been ax-murdered, so many virgins lured into white slavery, so many siblings decapitated, as in the heyday of Anslingers anti-marijuana campaign. The spirit of the era was most perfectly captured in the 1936 movie classic Reefer Madness, in which casual marijuana use was shown to lead swiftly to murder, rape, pro stitution, addiction, madness, and death (1981:5051). Marijuana was a good target because it was believed that its use was largely confined to immigrantsRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagesimportant than ever for business journalists to pull it all together, to provide the insight and understanding in the best days, the wisdom, that will be necessary. The world doesn’t need more information. It needs more understanding, more insight, more analysis. What is the Finance Commission? The Finance Commission is constituted by the President under article 280 of the Constitution, mainly to give its recommendations on distribution of tax revenues between the Union and the States and amongstRead MoreStarbucks Corporation12076 Words   |  49 Pagesorganizations like the WTO, World Bank, and IMF of promoting corporate globalization by supporting trade liberalization, by promoting export-based economic development, and by facilitating foreign direct investment. According to an organization that bills itself as Mobilization for Global Justice: Most of the world s mo st impoverished countries have suffered under IMF/World Bank programs for two decades: they ve seen debt levels rise, unemployment skyrocket, poverty increase, and environments devastatedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof systematic study. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Compare the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. MyManagementLab Access a host of interactive learning aids to help strengthen your understanding of the chapter concepts at www.mymanagementlab.com cott Nicholson sits alone in his parents’ house in suburban Boston

Provided In Second Part Of The Assignment â€Myassignmentghelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Provided In Second Part Of The Assignment? Answer: Introducation The assignment is based on a case study of Executive MBA program. The purpose of the assignment is to analyze the case and point out three key issues in the case study. Significant recommendations related to the issues are provided in the second part of the assignment. The final part of the memo is comprised of the proposal of two important factors that needs consideration for a team-based activity in educational system. Key Issues Identification First and foremost issue that can be identified from the case study is the short period for getting along with the team members. As they reside in different parts of the country, it is impossible for them to conduct any meeting physically. Hence, they required a longer time to discuss the project and socialize. A second important issue in the team is the diversified professional operating in different parts of the country. Though some of them live in the same country, it is near to impossible for them to conduct a physical meeting as they have different travel schedule for the purpose of work. Hence, the virtual meeting is the only option lies in front of them which is a major issue in this case. Last but not the least, the third key issue that is communication and work sharing. It can be a problem for them to share and keep track of the progress of the project. There can be various ways of tracking and sharing progress, but one of the team members have to put extra effort for the fulfillment of the purpose. Recommendation The tools and services used for the purpose of virtual communication that are summarized under exhibit 3 widely differ from the tools and services of exhibit 4. The tools of the exhibit 3 are the synchronous communication tools that are used for real time communication between two or more people. The definition of the synchronized communication states that, it is a term used in the field of communication between multiple persons that take place simultaneous and the people are able to respond without any time delay. Face-to-face video call, phone call and real time 3-D collaboration and many more falls under the synchronized communication tool. This type of communication tools are used to conduct meeting when the participants are incapable for conducting it physically (VanDoorn and Eklund 2013). On the other hand, asynchronous communication refers to the exchange of text messages on sever service providing tools. Text message can also be considered as a asynchronous communication tool s. Some of the popular asynchronous tools are highlighted in the exhibit 4. These tools are used it data sharing. The project teams use these tools to share their progress of the work especially when they are operating from a distance and cannot participate in a physical meeting (Storey and Perks 2015). Google drive is a computable tool for sharing the work progress among the team members. All they have to do is to upload the project in the drop box and share its link to the fellow team members to communicate their progress. Moreover, it is available for all every platforms. Hence, everyone can access it. The tools mentioned in the exhibit 5 are popular project management tools that are used by various organizations for the purpose of coordination of the activities of the team members. The services mentioned in the exhibit 5 are basecammp, AceProject, Mavenlink and Smartsheet. By analyzing the services on several grounds like cost of operation, team collaboration, and task management, vendor support and mobile platform, the compatibility of the adaptation is discussed below. The cost of use of the Mavenlink is considerably low than the other service operators, whereas, the team collaboration and task management capability are considered to be equal for all the operators. Vendor support of the AceProject proves to be useful as they have online help system, support ticket system and toll-free phone support to resolve any issues that can occur during the time of operation. Finally, Basecamp leads in the grounds of availability of the service. They provide their support in the entire plat form starting from iOS, Android, Windows and BlackBerry. Considering the analysis of the services mentioned in the exhibit 5, AceProject can be concluded as the best service provider in the market which can prove effective in the given scenario. It is affordable, in every ground. Important factors in team-based activity Virtual meeting and diversity are essential in the team based project in the educational system. Virtual meetings hold various disadvantages that can affect the efficiency and transparency in the team operation, but the advantages can never be overlooked. Some of them are cost effectiveness, time saving, involves the entire team from wherever they are, preservation of the materials of the meeting, and many more. Hence, it is definitely a useful way of conducting meeting that is an important factor of the team activity (Madden, Jones and Childers 2017). Diversity on the other hand can be taken under consideration as an important factor in the team activity. Though, it is always hard to manage a diverse team as the team leader has to apply different knowledge of leadership to manage the harmony and efficiency of the team. However, it can also provide various idea and approaches in a single point can be obtained that will enable the team to offer the best possible result (Guillaume et al. 2017). The above memo discusses three key issues of the given case that are diversity of the team, physical gap between the team members, and the time provided to the members to socialize as it is an important part of team management. Physical gap restrict them from conducting physical meeting. The diversity has both positive and negative impact on the team and a critical issue, if handled improperly can result into failure of the project. The impact of virtual synchronous and asynchronous communication also been discussed that analyze the proper way of utilization of the technology in the team management. The analysis report of the project management services concludes that AceProject is the best tool for the case. The usefulness of the visual meeting and diversity is also discussed in the final part of the discussion. Proper utilization of the recommended virtual communication tools will surely enable the team to achieve their desired goal. References Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A., 2017. Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303. Madden, L., Jones, G. and Childers, G., 2017. Teacher Education: Modes of Communication within Asynchronous and Synchronous Communication Platforms.Journal of Classroom Interaction,52(2). Storey, C. and Perks, H., 2015. Mixing rich and asynchronous communication for new service development performance.RD Management,45(2), pp.107-125. VanDoorn, G. and Eklund, A.A., 2013. Face to Facebook: Social media and the learning and teaching potential of symmetrical, synchronous communication.Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice,10(1), p.6.

Textbrokers Guide to HTML

Textbrokers Guide to HTMLAlex from Author Services gives a good overview of basic HTML functions to make your content pop!Hello! My name is Alex, and I work with Textbroker Author Services answering technical questions and providing support to our authors among other responsibilities. Far and away the most common technical question that we receive is, How do I make a _______ in HTML? These questions are always interesting to me. Im pretty tech savvy, and I study programming and Web design as a hobby, so tech-speak and the language of the Web comes easy to me. However, most of our authors dont have a background in web coding and dont have time to learn a whole new language, so I always have to make my answers approachable even to someone who has no experience with these kinds of topics. With that in mind, I set out to create a guide that our authors could quickly reference when they had a question about HTML. I promise to not use any fancy terminology, make no fancy analogies, and tel l you in a straightforward way exactly how to do the thing youre trying to do. Just search below to find your tag, and voila easy to follow instructions! How Does HTML Work? HTML is the language of websites. Webpages appear to be clear-cut, easy to read documents, but they come in all shapes and sizes. How do you tell a webpage where an image goes? How do you tell it to make a table and put it somewhere? Well, you need a special code for it, and that code is called HTML. HTML takes a regular text document and use little codes, called tags, to paint a webpage on your screen. If you just write a website in plain text, it will show up as plain text, with no background, no bolding or italicizing, no images and no fancy fonts. Tags tell your browser to do all these things to the page and the text. A simple tag looks like this: strong Hi guys! /strong This results in: Hi guys! All tags are enclosed in little angle brackets, and . Anything inside and is read as a code, so its not displayed. That means that anything you put inside the brackets wont show up on the webpage instead, it will tell the webpage to do something. The strong tag tells the browser to start painting something. The /strong tag tells it to stop. If you dont tell it to stop, itll just keep doing it to the end of the document so, as a rule, always tell it to stop. Different tags have different effects. In this case, the strong tag makes the text bold. Most tags are an abbreviation of their effect, so strong is for bold, em is for italic, and u is for underline. Theres a full list below, so I wont go into excessive detail. You can also combine tags like this: strong em u Bold, italic and underlined all at once! /u /em /strong Bold, italic and underlined all at once! When should I use HTML? For Textbroker, the simple answer is to accommodate a clients request. Many articles written for the service will need to be tailored to the Web, so clients will often ask you to format the article a particular way and include some HTML code to make it look nice and meet their needs. Please dont include HTML when not requested to do so. Many orders arent going directly on the web! HTML isnt really used outside of the Web, so the client will need to trim out your codes or request a revision, and youll have wasted a bunch of time adding things that didnt need to be there in the first place. There are also two tags that you dont need to put in at Textbroker: p and br . These are just codes for a carriage return and a double spaced carriage return, and Textbroker does this automatically for you. Only use these at the request of a client. The Quick Reference: Below is a list of tags, sorted by what you want to do.Remove the spaces before and after the brackets to get the code to work. HTML codes should always be lower case. OK, I want to Make Text Bold: strong Place strong and /strong at the start and end of the text. Example: This text is strong BOLD! /stron g This text isBOLD! strong and /strong do the same thing as strong and /strong Textbroker Tip: Our word processor on the website has an easy button for this! Its the B button. Highlight the text and click the button to make that text bold. Make Text Italic: em Place em and /em at the start and end of the text. Example: This text is in em italics. /em This text is initalics. Textbroker Tip: Our word processor has an easy button for this! Its the I button. Highlight the text and click the button to make that text italic. Make Text Underlined: u Place u and /u at the start and end of the text. Example: This text is u underlined /u . This text isunderlined. Textbroker Tip: Our word processor has an easy button for this! Its the U button. Highlight the text and click the button to make that text underlined. Make a Header: h1 , h2 , h3 , h4 , h5 , and h6 Header tags are generally used for headings and subheadings. Most clients will tell you which one to use. Th ese tags just make the text really big. H1 is the biggest and is often used for titles. H2 is the next largest and is usually used for subheadings. H3, H4, H5, and H6 may also be requested, and they are really just smaller sizes of the above. To insert a header: h1 A Tale of Two Cities /h1 This results in:A Tale of Two Cities

Immigrant Voices essays

Immigrant Voices essays The Book Immigrant Voices by Thomas Dublin is focused on giving readers a close view of what things were like for immigrants between the years of 1773-1986. It contains diaries, letters, autobiographies, and interviews of actual immigrants during this time period. The book tells many facts about immigration to America and the harsh realities people faced. The first immigrant I read about was John Harrower. Harrower was from the Shetland Islands and was forced to leave in 1773 due to poverty and despair. Harrower left his wife and children in order to find work in America. Harrower signed away his freedom in order to cross the ocean. On the journey to America Harrower delt with his own sickness and watched others die. Harrower watched men that he knew, friends, who had died of illness get tossed overboard and thrown into the ocean. Harrower was a smart man, therefore, when he reached America he became a tutor. John instructed the children of the man of which he was serving. After being there for nearly four years Harrower had saved up almost enough money to bring his family over to America. John Harrower died of an unknown illness before he could bring his wife and children to their new home. Some of the letters that I spoke if were those of William and Sophie Frank Seyffard to their families. William and Sophie were Germans who came from well off families. William and Sophie were married and they were happy together. William Seyffard bought a farm where he and Sophie would live. They had children and were happy in America for the most part, until their mill burnt down and they lost practically everything they had. They owed mortgages and creditors. They moved off of their own farm and all of their children got ill with scarlet fever. The one by the name of Ernst died. Another instance of a heartbreaking story of an immigrant is that of Rosa Cassettari. She was an Italian who wa...

Operation Ten-Go in World War II

Operation Ten-Go in World War II Operation Ten-Go took place on April 7, 1945, and was part of the Pacific Theater of World War II. With Allied forces landing on Okinawa in early 1945, the Japanese Combined Fleet was pressured into mounting an operation to aid in the islands defense. The plan put forward called for sending the superbattleship Yamato on a one-way voyage to the island. Arriving, it was to beach itself and be used as a massive shore battery until destroyed. Though many Japanese naval leaders considered Operation Ten-Go to be a waste of their remaining resources, it moved forward on April 6, 1945. Quickly spotted by Allied aircraft, Yamato and its consorts were subjected to a series of heavy air attacks that resulted in the loss of the battleship and most of its supporting ships. Though kamikaze strikes on the Allied ships off Okinawa caused some losses, only twelve men were lost in the attacks on the Japanese warships. Background By early 1945, having suffered crippling defeats at the Battles of Midway, Philippine Sea, and Leyte Gulf, the Japanese Combined Fleet was reduced to a small number of operational warships. Concentrated in the home islands, these remaining vessels were too few in number to directly engage the Allies fleets. As a final precursor to the invasion of Japan, Allied troops began attacking Okinawa on April 1, 1945. A month prior, realizing that Okinawa would be the Allies next target, Emperor Hirohito convened a meeting to discuss plans for the islands defense. The Japanese Plan Having listened to the armys plans to defend Okinawa through the use of kamikaze attacks and determined fighting on the ground, the Emperor demanded to how the navy planned to aid in the effort. Feeling pressured, the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, Admiral Toyoda Soemu met with his planners and conceived Operation Ten-Go. A kamikaze-style operation, Ten-Go called for the battleship Yamato, the light cruiser Yahagi, and eight destroyers to fight their way through the Allied fleet and beach themselves on Okinawa. Japanese Battleship Yamato running sea trials on October 30, 1941. US Naval History Heritage Command Once ashore, the ships were to act as shore batteries until destroyed at which point their surviving crews were to disembark and fight as infantry. As the navys air arm had effectively been destroyed, no air cover would be available to support the effort. Though many, including the Ten-Go force commander Vice Admiral Seiichi Ito, felt that the operation was a waste of scant resources, Toyoda pushed it forward and preparations began. On March 29, Ito shifted his ships from Kure to Tokuyama. Arriving, Ito continued preparations but could not bring himself to order the operation to commence. On April 5, Vice Admiral Ryunosuke Kusaka arrived in Tokuyama to convince the Combined Fleets commanders to accept Ten-Go. Upon learning the details, most sided with Ito believing that the operation was a futile waste. Kusaka persisted and told them that the operation would draw American aircraft away from the armys planned air attacks on Okinawa and that the Emperor was expecting the navy to make a maximum effort in the islands defense. Unable to resist the Emperors wishes, those in attendance reluctantly agreed to move forward with the operation. Operation Ten-Go Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: April 7, 1945Fleets Commanders:AlliesVice Admiral Marc Mitscher11 aircraft carriersJapanVice Admiral Seiichi Ito1 battleship, 1 light cruisers, 8 destroyersCasualties:Japanese: 4,137 killedAllies: 97 killed, 122 wounded The Japanese Sail Briefing his crews on the nature of the mission, Ito permitted any sailor who wished to stay behind to leave the ships (none did) and sent ashore new recruits, sick, and wounded. Through the day on April 6, intense damage-control drills were conducted and the ships fueled. Sailing at 4:00 p.m., Yamato and its consorts were spotted by the submarines USS Threadfin and USS Hackleback as they passed through the Bundo Strait. Unable to get into an attack position the submarines radioed in sighting reports. By dawn, Ito had cleared the Osumi Peninsula at the south end of Kyushu. Shadowed by American reconnaissance aircraft, Itos fleet was reduced on the morning of April 7 when the destroyer Asashimo developed engine trouble and turned back. At 10:00 a.m., Ito feinted west in an attempt to make the Americans think he was retreating. After steaming west for an hour and half, he returned to a southerly course after being spotted by two American PBY Catalinas. In effort to drive off the aircraft, Yamato opened fire with its 18-inch guns using special beehive anti-aircraft shells. U.S. Navy SB2C Helldiver dive bombers attack Yamato during Operation Ten-Go, April 7, 1945. U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command The Americans Attack Aware of Itos progress, the eleven carriers of Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58 began launching several waves of aircraft around 10:00 a.m. In addition, a force of six battleships and two large cruisers was sent north in case air strikes failed to stop the Japanese. Flying north from Okinawa, the first wave spotted Yamato shortly after noon. As the Japanese lacked air cover, the American fighters, dive bombers, and torpedo planes patiently set up their attacks. Commencing around 12:30 p.m., the torpedo bombers focused their attacks on Yamatos port side to increase the chances of the ship capsizing. As the first wave struck, Yahagi was hit in the engine room by a torpedo. Dead in the water, the light cruiser was struck by six more torpedoes and twelve bombs in the course of the battle before sinking at 2:05 p.m. While Yahagi was being crippled, Yamato took a torpedo and two bomb hits. Though not effecting its speed, a large fire erupted aft of the battleships superstructure. The second and third waves of aircraft launched their attacks between 1:20 PM and 2:15 p.m. Maneuvering for its life, the battleship was hit by at least eight torpedoes and as many as fifteen bombs. Japanese battleship Yamato explodes during Operation Ten-Go, April 7, 1945. U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command End of a Behemoth Losing power, Yamato began listing severely to port. Due to the destruction of the ships water damage-control station, the crew was unable to counter-flood specially designed spaces on the starboard side. At 1:33 p.m., Ito ordered the starboard boiler and engine rooms flooded in an effort to right the ship. This effort killed the several hundred crewmen working in those spaces and reduced the ships speed to ten knots. At 2:02 p.m., Ito ordered the mission canceled and the crew to abandon ship. Three minutes later, Yamato began to capsize. Around 2:20 p.m., the battleship rolled completely and began sink before being torn open by a massive explosion. Four of the Japanese destroyers were also sunk during the battle. Aftermath Operation Ten-Go cost the Japanese between 3,700–4,250 dead as well as Yamato, Yahagi, and four destroyers. American losses in the air attacks were a mere 12 killed and ten aircraft. Operation Ten-Go was the Imperial Japanese Navys last significant action of World War II and its few remaining ships would have little effect during the final weeks of the war. The operation had minimal effect on the Allied operations around Okinawa and the island was declared secure on June 21, 1945.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 15

Assignment - Essay Example However, they have to learn that they cannot have a perfect plan (Honig, 265). They have to keep trying in order to succeed in the life of business. The secret of effectiveness in any field lies within one’s ability to keep trying until he or she meets success. The timid cannot be a leader or a manager for the sake of argument because he or she has to call the shots, and without confidence they cannot do their jobs. The company named as Apple became the status symbol of innovation in recent years, and the secret lied in the culture of the company. The late CEO of the organization, Steve Jobs introduced the flatter organizational structure for the first in the era of tall organizations with the setup of command and control. The featured corporate leader always believed in the power of innovation, and he struggled thoroughly in order to construct the organization that valued innovative thinking. The company innovated at a product level by introducing newness at an organizational one first. The company brought second order change, and the first order followed the regime on its own. The innovation at an organizational level gave the employees freedom to think creatively and the managers at the company stayed available for their employees so that they can share their thoughts in a free environment (Young and Simon, 168). The company stated openly that it considers its human resources as the most vit al assets of all. The company focused on development of an urge to become better in the employees, and it paid off the Apple in the long run, but the chain of innovation broke recently because the leadership changed, and they tried to undo the development of Jobs that they do not understand and comprehend. The new leadership changed the organization, and destroyed it beyond recognition, and as a result, the turnover rates grew in all

Change over time Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Change over time - Research Paper Example Moreover, the bus transportation has an official site, http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/ that offers tourist site for the City. Price are affordable and can be accessed online via http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/tarifa_pago.html. The transportation for Rooms and Accommodation can be done in the airport even before landing to Mexico City. Moreover, there are Green Taxis, Plane and Yellow Taxis that offer lucrative experience within the City. The buses and trains also offer best transportation experience around the City. There is also bus service from Airport to downtown, bike rental in city and On Foot. The Aztec population consisted of well-treated slaves, nobles and the commons. The most updated population estimate of the City of Mexico is about 8,864,000. Mexico City is the Capital of Mexico and rated the largest in Mexico. Mexico City has the highest number of the Spanish-speaking population entire world. The population density of the City is about 15,000 people per square mile. 19 percent of the population is considered indigenous communities in search of better economic situations. Also, many migrants found expatriates and immigrants dwell in the City. The primary language in Mexico is Spanish but due to the presence of indigenous communities in the city, Nahuatl, Mazahua, Zapoteco, Otomi and Mixteco languages are additionally spoken. The people that never migrated in or out the City of Mexico have about 70 percent of that population being under 15 years old. The remaining 30 percent is under the age of 15 years. Interestingly, only about 17 percent of the population over the age of 15 years has received higher education. About 41 percent of the non-migrant population is marked economically active, that is to say, a person was looking for a job or has one already. Further, about 25 percent of the emigrants is under the age of

Budgetary control Essay Example for Free

Budgetary control Essay Nowadays management’s philosophy revolves around the idea of planning. According to McKinsey (1922), chief executives have come to the realization that today’s task can only be properly fulfilled thanks to the meticulous planning of yesterday. The budgetary control framework has been openly accepted and widespread as a tool for management and overall organisation control. Nonetheless, recent evolutions in the managerial sciences have come to jeopardise the reliability of budgeting as an effective method for the control of performance and organisation. The concern of whether budgeting is in fact an apt tool has created mixed views and debate amongst scholars. This essay will aim to evaluate whether budgetary control is concerned primarily with the control of performance, or if it has of late taken on greater importance especially as a more integrative control mechanism for the organisation. In order to do so it will firstly define the meaning of two fundamental concepts such as budget and budgetary control. Secondly it will evaluate the use of budgetary control as a tool for today’s organization. Thirdly it will follow debates and criticisms on its the effectiveness and use and Lastly it will conclude by assessing to what extent budgetary control has become a more integrative control mechanism for organisations. The work of key specialists in management such as Bhimani, Otley, Van der Stede and McWatters, will be drawn on in order to cover the key issues of the discussion. Before commencing on a discussion of budgetary control, it is immanent to clarify and define the two key terms that will be used in this essay: ‘budget’ and ‘budgetary control’. On the one hand, as defined by Bhimani et al. (2008) â€Å"a budget is a quantitative expression of a proposed plan of action by management for future time period and it is an aid to coordination and implementation of the plan†. On the same line McWatters et al. (2008) highlights the importance of budgets as a planning control system for a company, which ‘translate’ organisational objectives into financial terms. Drury (2009) exemplifies the many different purposes that budgets serve, such as: coordinating activities, conveying various arrangements to different responsibility centres, arranging and controlling operations, motivating employees to attain organisational objectives and assessing the execution of managers. According to Johnson (1996), it was in the 1960s that associations started to highly regard the utilization of budgets as tools for performance measurement and the control of managerial objectives. On the other hand, budgetary control is described by Periasamy (2010) as â€Å"a system of controlling costs which includes the preparation of budgets, coordinating the department and establishing responsibilities, comparing actual performance with the budgeted and acting upon results to achieve maximum profitability†. A similar, yet more formal, definition of budgetary control is given by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants of England and Wales (CIMA): â€Å"the establishment of budgets relating to the responsibilities of executives to the requirement of a policy and the continuous comparison of actual with the budgeted results, either to secure by individual actions the objectives of policy or to provide a basis for its revision†. There are two main purposes of budgets which scholars have identified: planning and controlling. The first purpose, which McWatters et al. (2008) discusses, is that budgets have a fundamental role in undertaking planning decisions. In fact, the integration of budgets into a strategic planning of long term and short-term objectives is crucial to the harmony of the project itself. This claim can be explained by Bhimani et al. (2008) who proposes that, budgets provide a more realistic view on the possible outcomes of investments, which consequently leads managers to adjust their strategic goals accordingly. To put it another way, when a company wants to match its potentials suitably with the prospects of the marketplace, it undertakes a strategic analysis to then set several long-run and short-run goals. On this basis a budget is formulated. However, as stated before, once the budget that has been formulated projects a more realistic view on the strategic objectives, these strategic objectives are then readjusted once again. The second purpose that Emmanuel et al. (1990) discusses is to do with budgets as a form of control and a tool for monitoring a company’s performance. McWatters et al. (2008) describe this function by outlining the idea that budgets are frequently used to assign responsibilities by allocating resources to different managers. A budget may be given with more or less flexibility, for example by assigning a large sum of money for ‘advertising’ to be used at the managers discretion, or by highlighting the different ways that this money should be used. The optional flexibility of budgets allows for a company to give the adequate level of responsibility to its employees and thus the organisation is able to maintain a level of control. McWatters et al. (2008) further elaborates on the function of budgeting for control by suggesting that â€Å"the numbers in a budget are also used as goals to motivate organisational members†. This motivational aspect of budgeting can be explained by Bhimani et al (2008) who states that â€Å"the manner in which a budget is administered can adversely impact on the managers’ behaviour†. A manager must believe that the budget is achievable in order to actively attempt to pursue it, Bhimani et al (2008) adds that through the constraints and goals set by budgeting targets, managers are often motivated to â€Å"effect changes in a forceful way†. The way that a budget is formulated, and the demands and pressures that it targets are key in encouraging the right degree of motivation, â€Å"an enterprise can set a difficult to attain budget in an attempt to motivate good performance. This is because, in practice, budgets that are set up to a certain degree of tightness often become stronger motivators† (Bhimani et al. , 2008). A final point to consider with the role of budgetary control is the function that it plays in enhancing communication within a company. Internal coordination between the steps of production , as well as communication among departments are key aspects for a company’s performance. Dury (2009) states that â€Å"the budget serves as a vehicle through which the actions of the different parts of an organisation can be brought together and reconciled into one common plan†. Hence, hierarchical and inter-departmental communication within the organisation is extremely facilitated thanks to the use of budgets. For instance, considering a multinational corporation that, due to its size, has difficulties in communicating between the production department and the sales department, budgets could in this circumstance be the most operational manner of communicating, as they set common goals between different departments. As it is clear form the paragraphs above, the controlling side of budgets play a stronger role than the planning aspect. An example that instead criticise this view can be found in the strategic planning of investments. Maximising performance of a company can be synonymous for maximising the shareholders value. Akintoye (2008) argues that equality in investment decisions are fairly dependent on the solidity of the budgetary control system, which in turn is key to maximise the company’s shareholders value. Therefore, it is arguable that a weak budgetary control system may be the cause of unprofitable investments and consequently may trigger the loss of shareholders value (Akintoye, 2008). There are many examples that reflect this issue, such as one reported by the European Journal of Economics Finance and Administrative Science where the Coca-Cola Company, with the purpose of differentiating production, failed miserably in their investment on food and wine in that the investment rate of return resulted to be beneath their cost of capital. The tremendous loss of money caused by this investment and other failures of this type grab the attention of scholars, raising questions on the salience of the budgetary control system, as well as whether budgets are mainly used to control or plan organisations. Other criticisms towards budgetary control as a main form of performance control, argue instead that the use of budgetary control in performance management has of late taken on greater importance especially as a more integrative control mechanism for the organisation. This stands on the basis of different points of view of the role that motivation and communication play within a company. Bhimani et al. (2008) argues that current speculation concerning budgetary control systems prescribes two inverse perspectives. From one perspective, there is the view that upholds incremental change to budgetary process in terms of interfacing such forms more closely to operational prerequisites, arranging frameworks, expanding the recurrence of plan amendment and the arrangement of rolling budgets. A second perspective supports the abandoning of the budgetary control system as a method of organisational control, and supplanting it with elective systems to empower firms on their adaptability and adjustability. The second perspective arose because of the consequences caused by the conflictual role of budgets between planning and controlling. To summarize; in planning and settling choices, budgets convey specialised information between different departments and hierarchy of the organisation, whereas for control, budgets serve as benchmarks for performance measurement (Otley, 1978). According to McWatters et al. (2008) if too many boundaries are placed into performance targets, then specialised executives will settle down and stop disclosing accurate predictions of prospected occurrences, and instead rely more on budgeted figures, which ease the achievement of the targets. A clear example of this conflict is given by the marketing sector. Salespeople according to McWatters et al. (2008) are usually very specialised and can very well forecast future sales. Their predictions are very important to settle the amount of goods to be produced. Inasmuch budgetary control of sales takes place at the end of the year, and it is used as a tool to evaluate performance. Salespeople are reasonably incentivised to under-forecast future sales in order to assure a positive evaluation of their performance. Nevertheless this behaviour induces the company to have higher production costs, creating counterproductive results. However, this behavioural theory is contrasted by Van der Stede (2000) in his study on the relationship between two consequences of budgetary control: slack creation and managerial short-term orientation. In his experiment he attempts to find the relationship between rigid budgetary control and slack creation, where he defines slack as the action by business unit managers that leads them to â€Å"†¦ exploit their position of superior knowledge about business possibilities vis-a-vis corporate management to get performance targets that are deliberately lower than their best guess forecast about the future† (lukka, 1988). Van der Stede’s (2008) statistical correlation showed in fact that rigid budget control reduced slack. To strengthen his view, Bhimani et al. (2008) states that â€Å"budgeted performance measures can overcome two keys limitations of using past performance as basis for judging actual result†, meaning that, not only budgetary control is a good â€Å"judge† of performance, but it also develops better aspects in comparison to other evaluation techniques. In conclusion, this essay has highlighted the role of budgetary control and it’s functions in terms of planning the organisational control of a company, as well as its role in performance management. Motivation and communication are both key aspects in the management of performance, and both of these functions are met through the system of budgetary control, either by setting achievable incentives, or by providing the necessary requirements to improve communications within a company. Having underlined the role of budgetary control as an enhancer of performance management, it is clear to see how it has become a key mechanism for the integrative control of an organisation. Nonetheless, this essay has outlined some of the key disputes of the reliability and effectiveness of budgetary control as an adequate method of performance management. An example of this is highlighted by the fact that when managers are given strict budgeting figures, they sometimes deem the goals to be too easily achieved, and hence give a lesser input of motivation. Despite the many critics of budgetary control as a tool for the organisation of a company, scholars such as Van der Stede (2000) and Bhimani et al. (2008) have confidently stated that when a budget is set correctly, it can significantly improve an organisations performance, including the integrative function within a company; and is in fact a more effective tool than other existing methods of control.

Industrial Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

2. INTRODUCTION During the second half of the 17th century, there were a drastic breakthrough in mainly Great Britain’s, but gradually the rest of the worlds development, that would lead to radical changes in peoples lives, working relations and environment. Industrial revolution was so fundamental that it’s often compared with the transition from farming to stock raising, which began several thousand years before the birth of Christ. Considering the uses of natural resources, can human history be dived up into three pieces of varying length; hundreds of thousands years before â€Å"the agricultural revolution†, thousands of years between this and the Industrial revolution and the two hundreds years after the beginning of Industrial revolution. Before Industrial revolution, man did the most work in society. During 17th century people started to invent machines. Accompanied by changes in agriculture, science and the treatment of people, the Industrial revolution shaped a new kind of life. 2.1 Limitations I, sometimes have difficulties to draw limits. When it comes to such big and wide subject as the Industrial revolution, it is of course very difficult to write and understand it all. It is also difficult to decide what is important enough to bring in the essay and what you should omit. Therefor I decided to write a rather comprehensive job. I haven’t focused on any particular part, but written what, when, how and why the Industrial revolution is /occurred. 2.2 Aims I want this essay to contain as much information as possible of the Industrial revolution or â€Å"Second wave† as it is also called, on the few pages that I will write. 3. REVIEW OF SOURCES I have only written this essay based on written material. I have used a lot of information from the Internet, but also from a very good book called â€Å"The Industrial Revolution in World History† written by a professor called Peter N. Stearns. If I decided to write a part from one book, or from an Internet site, I always compared it with another source, to see the differences and similarities. Dictionaries are often very sweeping in the subject, and there are both good and bad sides about that. I have decided also to write the centuries in Swedish form. So 17th century is in our time scale â€Å"sjuttonhundratalet†. 4. RESULTS 4.1 The beginning A Revolution doesn’t mean only changes and development. It means rapid change... ...ution. The problem of how to move the increasing quantities of factory produced goods to distant places was solved by improvements in transportantions. In contrary to many other countries were the state produces the most communications, England’s railroads, roads, and canals, were often financed by private persons or companies. Also Englands biggest need for better transportations was’t because of military needs, but for commersial needs. 1820-1830 was the years of the most successful railroads. The canals that were built, were pariculary in north England. Farm owners and industry owners made canals from waterdrains. The canals gave excellent transport possibilities, and could often halften the costs 4.5 Industrial revolution in the world The Industrial revolution rapidly affected the whole world Because the Indusrtal revolution first appeared in west , it most often also connected to there. It also both connected and divided different continents and parts of the world. The Industrial revolution formed one of the most central of human history. It brought wirh it bobth advantaged and disadvantages. It’s started and constatly continuing. We still adjust ourselves to it’s effects.

“Visiting Hour” by Norman Maccaig

Rewrite – â€Å"Visiting Hour† The poem â€Å"Visiting Hour† was written by the Scottish poet Norman MacCaig. In the poem, MacCaig shows the central idea is loss and death. This central idea is achieved through the use of various techniques such as imagery, structure and narrative stance. The poem is about a visit MacCain makes to a dying relative in a hospital. Throughout the poem, MacCaig gives his thoughts and feeling to how he fails to cope with the situation. The poet also uses enjambment, metaphor and imagery at the beginning of the poem when MacCaig hints at the central idea. Vanishes heavenward†, with the use of enjambment the poet introduces the idea of death. The quotation emphases the theme of death and how MacCaig may not be able to speak to his loved one again. With the use of a metaphor and imagery, as the lift physically rises up, the mood of depression associates the journey to heaven. The â€Å"corpse† represents death. The person he is visiting could easily be a corpse. The poet is occupied of images of death and sees the patient in a negative way. Though not mentioning the word death, his mind automatically makes this assumption.At this point the reader just assumes the central idea is death. Repetition is used as the poet emphasises the central concern of his loved one but also of his admiration of the nurses. â€Å"So many deaths†¦. so many farewells† emphasises how â€Å"miraculous† the nurses seem to him and they are not overwhelmed by the emotion of grief unlike him. MacCaig uses structure as he first mentions the patient, â€Å"Ward 7. She lies†. The four word line immediately links the woman with the hospital. The non-sentence â€Å"Ward 7†³ draws attention to the reality of the situation the poet is in. In a white cave of forgetfulness†, though suggesting a white curtain around the bed, it creates the impression of emptiness. The vivid colours of â€Å"green and yellow† are not present. This suggests the patient's life slipping away and a fear from MacCaig that they will not remember him. A Metaphor is used once again as the poet recognises that while he can physically touch the patient, she is dying and he is alive. â€Å"And between her and me distance shrinks till there is none left but the distance of pain that neither she nor I can cross†, he has entered the hospital, found her ward and reached her bedside but cannot â€Å"touch† her.The central idea is made clear to the reader in the last stanza where the poet writes, â€Å"books the will not be read†. MacCaig notices the uselessness of the gifts brought for the patient. The patient's inability to eat the fruit or read the books reveals their lack of life. In conclusion, the poet achieves the central idea of death and loss by the use of metaphor, imagery, enjambment and structure. By using all of those techniques made the central idea is clear.

Hip-Hop Generation: Its Influence on Youth Culture Essay

Civil Rights- dejure and defacto equality; integration Headquarters – South, Northern Cities Examples – Martin Luther King, Jr. (N.A.A.C.P./Black Church) The Strategy in action Racial Justice – defacto equality; seperation to achieve equality or to create a black state, economy, or society Headquarters – Northern Cities, West, National Chapter (N.O.I./B.P.P.S.D.) Example 1: Honorable Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X (Malcolm Little) Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay), N.O.I. Example 2: Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale (B.P.P.S.D.) The strategy in action III. Stigmatization, class, and the Welfare State Excluded Agricultural and Domestic workers, many of whom were black or from other minority groups This creates two misconceptions in regards to welfare, and it may have also help institutionalize poverty in black and other minority groups By the id-1970s and early-1980s, stigmatization is fully institutionalized through Reaganomics Legitimized vs. de-legitimized Legitimized- are things that are defended by the state. State sanctioned, approved, taxed and legal activity De-legitimized –non-state sanctioned, non-approved, not taxed, or illegal activity. (Black or grey or underground market) 1) Politics, roots and synthesis locations associated with rap’s birth Political Topics, Ambitions, awareness, anger, etc. + Style of toasts over dub music, live, improvisational soul music, use of samples =Blending of the first two, equipment such as mixers, samplers, open location 2) Black Nationalism’s â€Å"Apex† and Destruction (West Oakland) Internal Colony- (the hood) the literal (or more commonly) figurative understanding of inner-city black, brown, and poor ghettoes as a separate political body, economic market, and social realm 3) The Dub and the Black Arts Movement (Kingston, Jamaica) â€Å"Dub† Music and Influence – late 1960s-early 1970s The Congos – Heart of the Congos 1/28/14 – Chapter on Malcolm X -Grandmaster Flash -Kool Keith – Literal disillusionment – when a leader begins to change their idea and becomes more radical with their ideas – Capitalism/imperialism – (imperialism- capitalism is happening on a global scale) (capitalism) Robin Kelley Demagogue – Predicted his own death 1) Robert Moses – architect that designed the South Bronx Hip-Hop Graffiti (Tagging) Breaking (Battle) DJing (Turntablism) Fashion/Style (affects hi and low income society) Rapping Rap- use of spoken word over sampled instrumentation; one of five elements of hip-hop culture Hyperghetto or neo-liberialism- The state has withdrawn benefits from people in low-society 3) Factors and Questions – The Politics of Abandonment? Political? Economic? W/drawl of jobs being sent to suburbs or nowhere at all Social? Needles given in parks, and the social damage it does Technological? – Connections to Roots/Dubs? – Gang Issues? 4) The Founding Fathers DJ Kool Herc- first DJ to loop records Afrika Bambaata (Zulu Nation)- ran w/ a gang called Black Spades who entered a contest and took a trip to Europe and came back and decided to recruit his members and started Zulu Nation.. Also a DJ Grandmaster Flash- Trained in engineering, and modifies the turntables Clock Theory – Artist used tape to show where to start song on disks 5) Key Subgenres Party Rap Gangsta Rap Socially Conscious Rap Politically Conscious Rap Alternative Rap Other genres, sub genres, etc. 1) Overall Contribution of the Scene; Key Observations 2) The setting, Factors, and Question 3)Major Players 4) Major Successors

Compare and Contrast the poems The Seduction by Eileen McAuley and Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti Essay Example

Compare and Contrast the poems The Seduction by Eileen McAuley and Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti Essay Example Compare and Contrast the poems The Seduction by Eileen McAuley and Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti Paper Compare and Contrast the poems The Seduction by Eileen McAuley and Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Poetry In my essay I will be comparing two narrative poems: The Seduction by Eileen McAuley and Cousin Kate by Christina Rossetti. The poems are two contrasting views of love, although they share similar themes and both present a womens perspective of love from a personal viewpoint. I will also be analysing their differences and similarities in devices, structure and story. The Seduction was set, next to a river, in 1980s Merseyside which is near Liverpool, and tells the story of how a young girl falls in love but is used and betrayed and ends up pregnant and alone. I know this is set in the 1980s because the footballers Sammy Lee and Ian Rush are mentioned and they played for Liverpool in the 1980s. The poem has sixteen stanzas; each of four lines. There is a rhyming scheme but it is inconsistent and irregular. However, when it features it is every other line. It is unpredictable and unreliable just like the boy in the poem. I think the character of the boy is shown in the irregularity of the rhyming scheme. The poem is split in half twice: once in the layout and once in content. The poem is set on the page in two halves side by side (like two stages of her life). They are separated by the gap but joined by enjambment. Its how she feels about her life: its so near that she can reach out and touch it; but too far so she cannot change it. The story is also in two halves. The divide is marked with ellipses. The first eight stanzas tell the story of the seduction itself. The next eight stanzas present her feelings and regrets about what has happened. Stanza nine is the after effect, when she finds out that she is pregnant. It is special. It is on the first half of the page (before the enjambment) but after the ellipses. This shows stanza nine is the turning point in her life. Before then everything is great and after that everything is bad. Stanza nine is when she has the choice to put on a brave face and be proud of her child (like the girl in Cousin Kate), but instead she chooses to fall into the despicable feminine void of depression and self-loathing. The story starts early Sunday morning at Birkenhead docks. The two of them are sitting by the river drinking. This is his idea of a date, and coinciding with the simile describing the Mersey (the river) green as a sceptic wound shows that neither the night nor their relationship will be romantic and meaningful. They had met at a party the night before and she had felt special when he chose her to dance with. That, along with the alcohol, is how come she let him touch her up, or as she put it, fingers that stroked her neck and thighs. Even at this early stage, his actions indicate his true purpose, and its not to fall in love. As she drinks more and more alcohol, and loses control, he stays in control. He is fully aware of what he is doing. But, when he mutters little slag he shows me that maybe he is human after all: he is feeling some guilt about using her. But, however, he pushes it to the back of his mind and, as if to justify his actions to himself, calls her a slag to prove that shes up for it and that her feelings dont matter. The girl, whose name we never know (this is significant as it suggests to me that she, in the aftermath of what happened, feels invisible and a nobody and nobody has a name), is innocent and nai ve. We know this because the poet describes her as having wide blue eyes. Also, as she talked about the O levels shed be sitting in June it suggests she is only fifteen or sixteen (and Im presuming that shes still a virgin). She is inexperienced and so thinks that theyll fall in love and live happily ever after. She couldnt be more wrong. Its clear from his attitude and his actions that thats not what hes got in mind. The boy, whom Im guessing is in his twenties, is a nasty piece of work. He thinks hes hard, as we can see from the way he spat into the river and the fact that he wears a leather jacket. He also smokes, (kisses that tasted of nicotine) and takes drugs; it only implies this in the poem, but from the way that he takes a bag filled with shimmering, sweet paint thinner to the lake, Im guessing he inhales it, along with reading his dads magazines. During the act of seducing her, the boy knew what he was doing, as he set into motion a plan that would enable him to get his leg over. He started reeling her in at the party, as he brought her more drinks and danced with her all night. She became enchanted with his eyes as blue as iodine and fell in love with him. But her feelings were not reciprocate d, and he left her after he had got what he wanted. She was left to pick up the pieces of her messed up life alone. When she realised that she was pregnant and that he was never coming back, she not only felt betrayed by him, but also by her teenage magazines, as she felt like they lied to her and gave her a false impression of romance as their stories of love were not what had happened to her, but also more that that she felt cheated by the promise of it all. During her anger at him for leaving, she threw her high white shoes at the wall. These were the shoes which she was wearing when she let herself fall for him, and they made her feel sick as they not only reminded her of him, but also of how stupid she had been. Once her anger had subsided, she felt frightened as the true horror and responsibility of having a baby struck her. She realised what a horrific situation she was in. This is emphasised with the refrain of the word truly truly truly frightened. As she wondered about how different her life would have been if she hadnt met him; how much fun shed be having, she becomes jealous of other sixteen year olds. Theyre off enjoying their sixteenth year (which is a special year); full of glitzy fashion features; bright new worlds; fresh fruit diets and glamour with a stammer While she is stuck at home having morning sickness (sickened every morning). In the couple of stanzas which talk about the fun sixteen year olds normally have, there is a lot of alliteration, which emphasises her depression and regrets. In that stanza there is also more repetition. She remembers how he seduced her by making stupid stupid promises. As these were only tacitly made this implies that he didnt actually say anything to her that would mean for him to stick around, he just inferred it by saying other, complimentary things. Also in that stanza are lots of rhetorical questions. Theyre all referring to other girls her age having fun and emphasise her desire to be with them. In stanza fourteen, the poet talks about how other, innocent sixteen year olds go to parties where they meet the boy next door, who are nice, sixteen year olds who wont trick you and take advantage of you, as the older guy did to her. To indicate innocence and how young they are, the poet uses assonance to great effect. The phrase walk hand in hand, in an acned wonderland uses assonance of the sound and. It indicates the way you should read the line, as it puts emphasis on the repeated sound. Acned wonderland refers to teenagers (with spots) having fun and enjoying themselves. Which she is not. Stanzas fifteen and sixteen are the climax of the poem. It talks about how full of regret she is, and how embarrassed about being pregnant that she would rather hide away and starve herself and destroy her body by taking drugs than to admit she made a mistake and to feel the shame. She feels that i t is much better to destroy your life in modern, man-made ways (i. e. take drugs and slowly kill yourself) than to go out and face the music. The poet suggests that gossiping neighbours are worse than drugs. The poet creates a creepy atmosphere by the repetition of the word away in the last stanza: turn away, move away, fade away. To me it implies that she would rather die (quite literally) than have her belly huge and ripe at the centre of attention. She is just too ashamed and full of regret. Cousin Kate, on the other hand, is set in 1800s England, in the fields. It tells the story of how a young girl (a cottage maiden) from a poor background falls in love with the Lord of the estate, but he uses her and then marries her cousin. She ends up pregnant and alone, but unlike in The Seduction, is proud. The poem has six stanzas; each of eight lines. Christina Rossetti wrote in the romantic era. As such, her poem is very organised with a regular rhythm, rhyming scheme and structure. The rhythm is very defined and strong. In each couplet, the first line has eight beats, and the second line has six beats. The rhythm also matches the rhyming pattern. The rhyming pattern is regular and consistent with alternate lines rhyming- quite unlike The Seduction. The structure is also very clear; because apart from the first line which contains enjambment, all the lines are pretty much the same length again, unlike The Seduction. The only exception to the above rules is the first line. It has seven beats instead of eight and the line is shorter than the others. The reason for this is enjambment. The line ends early and so the rhythm is delayed but carries onto the next line. This poem is a narrative and tells the story in first person the girl/narrator is talking to her cousin and is telling her how she feels Cousin Kate, you grew more fair than I. I think that this could be a true story that happened to the poet and she could have written the poem to express her feelings and to tell her cousin how she had made her feel as this would be easier than telling her face to face. The mood of the poem starts with happiness (joy thereof) as she has been chosen by the amazing Lord. But quickly turns to rejection (cast me by and changed me like a gl ove), resentment (chose you, and cast me by. ) but then pride (My fair-haired son, my pride) as she rises above the gossiping neighbours. The story starts with a poor young girl who has low-self esteem we know this because she describes herself as Not mindful I was fair and also mentions her flaxen hair. She uses rhetorical questions to voice her amusement that a great lord would choose her to be with. She doesnt think a lot of herself, indeed I get the impression she feels insignificant compared with her wonderful cousin Kate. My reasoning for this is that she doesnt have a name whereas Kate does. I think the narrator feels separated from her cousin, and this comes across in the language of I, referring to the narrator and you, referring to Kate. This also suggests to me that she feels that shes worth less than her cousin. In the second stanza she talks with regret about how she let him lure her to his palace, and how she feels ashamed that she let herself be his plaything. He used her. She uses the extremely effective simile wore me like a silken knot to describe how he owned her and treated her like a possession as opposed to a human with feelings (the man is not completely to blame as it was the feeling at the time that women were inferior to men, but he still behaved appallingly). She then, using another simile, goes on to say that he changed me like a glove. This describes how he used (or in the case of a glove, wore) her and then disposed of her, to replace her with something better in this case Kate. When she says that she moans, an unclean thing she is implying that she feels dirty and damaged goods. The reason for this is not only that he dumped her, but also that she lost her virginity to him. As doves represent peace and purity, when she refers to the dove, she means that, had it not been for him, she would still be innocent and pure. Like Kate. Also, she feels bitter towards Kate as Kate waited and in the end the same man chose her because of this. In the time the poem was set, the view was that sex should come after marriage, not before, as with the narrator. She was therefore frowned upon for being inappropriate and called an outcast thing. Kate, however, did not succumb to her temptations, and waited until she was married to sleep with him. Because she did the right thing and was appropriate, the neighbours called her good and pure. Although Kate sits in gold and sing, married life is not all fabulous for her. The poet uses the metaphor that he has bound you [Kate} with his ring to suggest that she is trapped. In stanza five, the narrator tells of how she feels resentment towards Kate as she feels her love was true whereas Kates was writ in sand. This is a metaphor and implies not true, because when you write something in sand it gets easily washed away by the sea. Also in that stanza she mentions how she feels let down and betrayed by Kate. She tells her cousin that if their roles had been reversed; if she was in Kates position (i. e. Kate was in love with him and he had used Kate), she would not have married him. Instead she would have spit into his face. Basically, reject him. In stanza six, the mood changes. It becomes much more uplifted as she talks about her gift. She is doing what the girl in The Seduction, in a similar situation, could not do. She is turning a bad situation to her advantage. Instead of hiding away, being embarrassed to be pregnant, she is proud of it; proud of her fair haired son. Although she regrets the fact that hes illegitimate, and regrets the way he came about (my shame) she would not change or get rid of him (my pride). To me that is inspirational and uplifting. There are many similarities and differences between the two poems. The main similarity is that of the main themes running through the poems. For instance, both poems are about the love of a young girl and how she is betrayed. Its also about the premature loss of innocence. The main difference in the two poems is the girls views on pregnancy. Irrespective of their times, one girl feels embarrassed and one girl feels proud. Both poets have used similar poetic devices. For instance, both poems contain similes and metaphors, although The Seduction uses more, (an example from Cousin Kate is wore me like a silken knot and an example from The Seduction is like a sick, precocious child. ); rhetorical questions (why did a great lord find me out and praise my flaxen hair? or Where, now, was the summer of her sixteenth year? ); alliteration (cling closer, closer yet); connotation; enjambment and repetition or refrain (good and pure or stupid, stupid promises). For Cousin Kate, that is all the devices that are used, but The Seduction uses some more, including assonance and colloquial language little slag . Cousin Kate was written in the first person and uses formal language, whereas The Seduction was written in the third person and uses more brutal, open and direct language. This is mainly due to the era in which the poems were written. At the beginning of both of the poems, both of the girls feel ecstatic (joy thereof) that they little old them- had been chosen by amazing older men. The first few stanzas were about how great life for the girls was. Also at the beginning of the poems, the girls are both young and innocent (eyes were wide and bright) and enjoying life. This innocence (as well as their virginity) was lost in the middle of the poems. This premature loss of youth was down to controlling men who, after they had got what they wanted, dumped them. They were used. In The Seduction the girl is drunk (she giggled, drunk and nervous) and not in control of her actions, and the man took advantage of her vulnerability. However, the girl in Cousin Kate was acting entirely on her own decisions. Regardless of the fact that she made the choice by herself, the man used her. He made her fall in live with him just as in The Seduction but then dumped her and proposed to her cousin Chose you, and cast me by. Both the girls were betrayed, not just by the man, but also by others. In Cousin Kate she was betrayed by her cousin; and in The Seduction she was betrayed by her My Guy and Jackie photo-comics as they described an inaccurate account of love, and by the promise of it all. After the event had happened, the girl in The Seduction was in denial (thats why it took her three months to realise that she was pregnant). But after the revelation was made, she became frustrated and angry as she ripped up her comics and flung them [her high white shoes] at the wall. The girl in Cousin Kate, on the other hand, felt upset (I sit and howl) but handled her feelings a lot better. She didnt try and kill herself; she rose above the neighbours gossip and was proud of her son. Although both girls had different feelings and emotions on being pregnant and bearing illegitimate children, they both felt some jealousy. The girl in The Seduction was jealous of other sixteen-year-olds and the fun they were having (glossy photographs smiling faces); whereas the girl in Cousin Kate was jealous of Kate (You grew more fair than I) as she was married to her love. Regardless of the similar events in the two stories, the two endings are really different. In The Seduction the girl becomes depressed and suicidal (better to destroy your life), feels cheated and lost, and is ashamed of her baby. The end is a sad one. Whereas the girl in Cousin Kate rises above the gossip, and is proud of her baby. The ending is an uplifting one and is hopeful. Due to being pregnant and experiencing the brutality of life, both the girls are forced to grow up. In a way, the girl in Cousin Kate is more mature because she doesnt become demonised by gossip and gets on with her life (Yet Ive a gift youve not got), whereas the other doesnt and falls into the despicable, feminine void. However, the girl in The Seduction accepts the blame for what happened, whereas the other doesnt and blames Kate. I dont think the girls are to be fully blamed, as they were, as it was mostly the mans fault, but neither are they blameless as they were not physically forced into anything they could have said no at any point. What I do not like is the way the two men have got off scotch-free, without any blame and are even maybe congratulated on their performance, and all the blame is put onto the girls and theyre made to feel worthless. In my essay I analysed the two poems and looked at the contrast in similarities and differences between them. Both the poems are written about how a man betrays a young and innocent girl and uses her. They show a womans view on love. Due to the time in which they were written, the amount of poetic devices used by the poets differ. Another thing that splits the two poems apart, is that of the girls views on bearing illegitimate children. It doesnt matter that the society and environment of the poems are different, both girls were used and their dreams of finding true love and Mr Right were cruelly snatched away by selfish men.

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay)

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay) Rester is the French verb that means to stay or to remain. This is a very useful word and one youll want to add to your vocabulary. To use  rester properly, youll need to study its conjugations. This will allow you to say I am staying, he stayed and similar phrases. The good news is that  rester  is a regular verb, so its a little easier to memorize than others. The Basic Conjugations of  Rester Rester is a regular -er verb, meaning it follows a very common conjugation pattern. If you have studied other French verbs like passer (to pass) or visiter (to visit), you can apply the same infinitive endings you already know to this verb. The indicative mood is the most common and these are the forms of  rester  that youll use most often for the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Using the verb stem (or radical)  rest-, you will add a variety of endings to match both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. The chart will help you memorize these various forms. For example, I am staying is  je reste  and we will stay is  nous resterons. Your daily life should have plenty of opportunities to practice this verb and the more you use it, the easier it is to remember. Present Future Imperfect je reste resterai restais tu restes resteras restais il reste restera restait nous restons resterons restions vous restez resterez restiez ils restent resteront restaient The Present Participle of Rester When we add an -ant  ending to the stem of  rester, the result is the  present participle  restant. Rester  in the Compound Past Tense While there are other compound forms you can study, well focus on the most common for this lesson. The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is used for the past tense and requires the  auxiliary verb  Ãƒ ªtre  as well as the  past participle  restà ©. The only conjugation required for this is à ªtre into the present tense for the subject. The past participle remains unchanged and takes care of implying that the action happened in the past. For example, I stayed is je suis restà © and we stayed is nous sommes restà ©. You can see how this can be much easier than memorizing all those imperfect forms, but dont skip those just to save time. Your French teacher may require you use them. More Simple Conjugations of Rester The  rester  conjugations above should be your top priority, though there are a few more simple conjugations you may need from time to time. They each have their own purpose and are good to know. For instance, when the action is uncertain, the subjunctive is used. In an if...then situation, you can use the conditional. Less frequently, you may even need the  passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive, though these tend to be for formal uses. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je reste resterais restai restasse tu restes resterais restas restasses il reste resterait resta restà ¢t nous restions resterions restà ¢mes restassions vous restiez resteriez restà ¢tes restassiez ils restent resteraient restà ¨rent restassent If you want to command your dog to Stay! in French, you can use the imperative form.  For this, you can skip the subject pronoun and simplify it to Reste !  Of course, it has other uses, but the idea of training your dog in French is a fun idea. Imperative (tu) reste (nous) restons (vous) restez

Organic Pork Production, Animal Science Speech or Presentation

Organic Pork Production, Animal Science - Speech or Presentation Example If a hog is fed grain meal it is not distinct that any other grain-fed hog. Only because a hog is natural, organic, or pastured never means it has the nutritional merits of a true grass fed hog. Pasture-fed hogs range at outsized foraging for their innate food. They browse grass just like cattle. Forbes, leaves, trees, and grass is what they eat. They are not confined to a sty, caged, penned, confined in murky sties, nor raised in buildings. Several are even wild hogs that joined up with other pig hordes. Thus far, their meat is not the other white meat. Rather, it is red meat. Actual grass pigs always have read meat approximately the same color as of grass-fed beef (Steve and Van Loo 12-26). As you all know, these hogs foraged through the woodlands, fodder and orange groves of rural America. These days stimulated by the immeasurable knowledge of our fat fearing official food advisers, most hogs pre-destined for the table are of bacon kind. Unlike heritage hogs, modern day pigs are t aller, longer and very slant. For a very long time, the tangiest pork comes from Berkshire breed of pigs. Most Berkshire hogs are black with white socks. They are shorter, squatter and certainly plump. Their diets comprise of non-GMO morsels. A wide-ranging list of necessities for organic production of pork has been identified. There is no permissible or extensively approved explanation of natural. Thus, personal marketing cohorts have identified standards for the pork production that could be branded natural. With no permissible explanation of natural, one has the challenge of describing this form of pork production. Natural pork production entails the prohibition on use of antibiotics and other artificial growth stimulators. Nothing like the natural pork production, there are wide-ranging regulations for organic production of pork. Numerous global and national activists have provided descriptions for organic agriculture. Organically produced pork should implement the USDA seal for products as licensed organic pork. National Organic Standards were implemented to permit pork to have the USDA seal. Though the utilization of antibiotic or drugs is not permitted in animals that are sold to organic markets, this however does not imply that animal warfare should be ignored (Becker et al 1). Are you wondering how you will manage to use pigs for manure turning? To be able to utilize hogs for manure stirring you will be required to construct perhaps two 10 X12-manure sheds with a drop roof, cement flooring and modifiable walls. These sheds will serves as a compositing capacity for your hogs compost and rooting top prize for two feeder pigs. Three sheds will, of course, probably accomplished three functionalities. The first one could be devised for fresh compost and bedding, the other will be old compositing and bedding. Although raising hogs is considered a financial risk to place so much so organic feed into sows, it will offer you regulation of your hogs’ man agement from the start. This not only will oblige you to produce brawny organic piglets for your own production, but also you will need to offer superior stock for other farmers. These animals are feed on licensed organic feed 100 percent of the time on fodder when not farrowing. You could wean a standard of 8 piglets per sow twice annually (Becker et al 1). Irrespective of whether as farmer you farrow or buy your piglets, bringing them on fodder is very economical for enhancing

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay Example There are various rationales for why a prison inmate harms the self, ranging from psychological disturbances to even attempts to manipulate the prison officers to elicit change to their incarceration circumstances. Self-harm is a phenomenon that occurs with both male and female prisoners, thus it is not a gender-specific problem within the prison system. Statistics indicate that female prisoners, in 2003, represented only six percent of the total prisoners incarcerated in the entire UK prison system, but female self-harm constituted 46 percent of all national reports of self-harm in the country (Borrill, Snow, Medlicott, Teers and Paton 2005). Self-harm in prisons is costly to the prison system, taxpayers, and the health care system for those that require psychological counselling and, oftentimes, recurring medical treatment for this activity. The severity of the problem justifies conducting a research study to analyse the catalysts of self-harm, especially with female inmates that represent nearly half of all national reports of self-harm. Prison officers and medical practitioners have multitudes of responsibility for ensuring prisoner safety, ensuring the integrity of the prison system, and providing health care services to a broader population. Self-harm recurrences and its prevalence in the UK add significant burdens to the health care system and for prison officers that must develop documentation of these events and provide supplementary mental health services to recognised problem prisoners. Examine socio-historical instances of negative lifestyle scenarios that might exist in female prisoners, including, but not limited to, previous childhood or spousal abuse, mental health conditions, or stunted cognitive/developmental growth during various phases of child and adolescent development. The broader purpose of the study is to identify and categorise, statistically, the most frequent and common catalysts of

Supply Determinants of Coffee Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply Determinants of Coffee - Coursework Example This research will begin with the statement that agricultural phase involves the cultivation of green coffee employing different methods and treatment such as soil management, use of fertilizers, treatment of pests and harvesting that are influenced by the cultivation practices, a topology of the plantation, and method of harvesting. Upon harvesting two methods can be used to process it namely dry method –is an old, simple and natural method that is mostly is used in processing all Robusta coffee. The other being wet method-here specific equipment and water is used. The Arabica type is mostly processed by this method and it normally produces the better quality that commands high prices in the market. Production phase; involves processing and packaging. The processing in this stage involves storing; cleaning and weighting; roasting; blending; grinding. The powder produced after processing is normally subjected to different processes so as to develop the varieties such as the in stant coffee manufacturer. In the packaging, the stage includes many different types of primary and secondary packaging for roast coffee depending on the choices of the company. Input prices that are inversely proportionate the supply of coffee .i.e. when the prices of raw materials goes up the supply of coffee would reduce; productivity in terms of production cost is directly proportionate the supply .i.e. if involvement of a technology makes production cheap then the supply of the product will definitely shoot; price of substitute is directly proportional to the supply of the product hence if the price is low then the supply of the product with definitely be down; expected future price of the product if expected to accelerate in the future the supply of that product will go down in the present since the producers would be hoarding them for the future. Demand is the number of goods a consumer is able to purchase at a given price. The determinants include The disposable income of th e consumer is directly proportionate to the demand for a product in that should it increase the consumer will demand more; consumer preference is directly proportionately to demand i.e. consumers will tend to demand what they prefer; price of related goods if increases the demand of the substitute will also shoot; expectation of future prices if is to raise the demand of the goods at the present will increase in fear of the price rise.

Initial Teaching Assignment Essay Example for Free

Initial Teaching Assignment Essay In my role as a tutor of support teaching and learning in schools my responsibilities include: promoting cognitive elaboration *Cognitive psychology is concerned with the various mental activities which result in the acquisition and processing of information by the learner. It’s theories involve a perception of the learner as a purposive individual in continuous interaction with his social and psychological environment.( l.b.curzon (2003). teaching in further education. 6th ed. london: continuum. 35.) Holding a good knowledge of outside agencies that maybe used when an issue is outside of my knowledge or expertise. These may include N.S.P.C.C, medical teams including GP’s, health visitors ect, councillors, learning support workers, banks, building societies and the student finance England information for funding or loan advice, police, fire services and social services. All of these outside agencies could be used for supporting my learners and for them to use in their role as a teaching assistant as they are working with children and young people. I work towards promoting social and emotional development, encouraging learners and rewarding them during tasks, discussions, production of work whilst developing into a responsible teaching assistants. Being reliable is paramount to learners giving them a sense of belonging and security that I would always be there to discuss any issues or concerns with them, especially if the issue is a delicate one. Showing my learners that I can promote equality by letting them have every opportunity to attend and participate in every aspect of the lesson is also giving them opportunity to express their own ideas and personality. I myself am always looking to learn and gaining skills from learners is another way of learning and promoting diversity. Every learner is different and giving them opportunity to share their ways and knowledge and including these skills to improve their learning and adding to their new career in a positive way encourages diversity. Understand own responsibility for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment.

The School of Athens Essay -- essays research papers fc

Biography of Raphael â€Å"While we may term other works paintings, those of Raphael are living things; the flesh palpitates, the breath comes and goes, every organ lives, life pulsates everywhere.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -- Vasari Raphael was born Raffaello Santi or Raffaello Sanzio in Urbino on April 6, 1483, and received his early training in art from his father, the painter Giovanni Santi. In 1499 he went to Perugia, in Umbria, and became a student and assistant of the painter Perugino. Raphael imitated his master closely; their paintings of this period are executed in styles so similar that art historians have found it difficult to determine which were painted by Raphael. In 1504 Raphael moved to Florence, where he studied the work of such established painters of the time as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, learning their methods of representing the play of light and shade, anatomy, and dramatic action. In 1508 Raphael was called to Rome by Pope Julius II and commissioned to execute frescoes in four small stanze, or rooms, of the Vatican Palace. The second Vatican chamber, the Stanza d'Eliodoro, painted with the aid of Raphael's assistants, contains scenes representing the triumph of the Roman Catholic church over its enemies. After the death of Pope Julius II in 1513, and the accession of Leo X, Raphael's influence and responsibilities increased. He was made chief architect of Saint Peter's Basilica in 1514, and a year later was appointed director of all the excavations of antiquities in and near Rome. Raphael died in Rome on his 37th birthday, April 6, 1520. School of Athens Brief History: Raphael painted the School of Athens from-1510 – 1512. He was commissioned by pope Julius II, with the recommendation of Donato Bramante, the pope’s architect, to work in the Vatican. His first work the School of Athens was loved so much by the pope that he commissioned Raphael to paint the entire papal suite. In the School of Athens, philosophers and intellects from different time periods are arranged as students in a school or academy where everyone is learning off each other. The Stanza della Segnatura was to be Julius’ library which would house a small collection of books intended for his personal use. The walls of the first ... ...Inc., Publishers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yale University Press New York, 1967  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Haven & London, 1983 â€Å"The Vatican†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Art in Renaissance Italy† Daley, John  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paoletti, John T. and Radke, Gary M. The Metropolitan Museum of Art  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers New York, 1975  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York, 1997

Airline Regulations

AIRLINE REGULATIONS Research Paper AVSC 1220 TREVOR CARTER ID # 10524707 *The airline industry operates like the veins of the United States by pumping precious cargo throughout the country. Most *people don’t realize how different the airlines were a few decades ago. The entire industry was regulated by the government. Regulation is usually considered a more socialistic liberal idea that is opposed by conservative capitalists. Although I personally believe in a government with a small limited *role* in our daily lives, I have come to the conclusion that the airline industry is a rare exception that needs to return to regulation which would benefit the airlines and the consumers in numerous ways. In the days of regulation the government had total control of routes, fares, gates and almost anything necessary to operate an airline. It also created many barriers to entry which would prevent any new start up airline. All the government would have to do is not allow them at any airports or not approve of any route application. Economists complained that regulation was inefficient so in 1978 the Airline Deregulation Act was passed allowing the free market to dictate airline prices and schedules. The following thirty years have proved this to be a terrible mistake. There are a wide range of facts when looking for the change in price of a ticket today compared to the airlines under regulation. Some say the tickets are 15* % cheaper. Others claim there is hardly a difference because one must account for the 10% travel agent fee that is avoided with today’s online booking. So there is clearly no great ticket price benefit due to deregulation. However in the past tickets were fully refundable and you could change your destination without numerous penalties. Today people scour the internet for a discounted ticket which will usually mean a few stops along the way that may not be in the general direction of their destination. Some passengers may have to fly into alternative airports to receive a discount. Southwest airlines now flies into most major airports just as the legacy airlines do, however, in Southwest’s early days they broke into the freshly deregulated industry by basing their operation out of LUV field Dallas (not Dallas Ft. Worth International Airport) and flying to locations such as Burbank, CA. The reason for this was because it is much cheaper to operate out of these airports to avoid paying high prices for gates and other airport fees. Southwest also undercut the pay scales across the board. They were the first low cost carrier. By *saving all this money they would be able to provide cheaper tickets to customers and the free market was beginning its control on the industry. This started the domino effect of airlines entering the market. *With a few major airlines doing most of the long haul flights many commuter airlines have started business with 100 seat type jets. Most people will see US Airways Express and think it is a division of US Airways; however that airplane might be one of 4 or 5 airlines that fly under the US Airways paint scheme. The air is absolutely saturated with all of these small jets. The air traffic control system *needs to be upgraded because of this. Instead of having 737’s make two or three flights a day on a short haul trip say from Philly to Buffalo, they will have these 100 seat regional jets make 5 or 6 flights a day. With fuel prices soaring this does not seem efficient. Safety of the consumer is also being endangered. For the last year or so many small regional airlines were hiring a large amount of pilots due to a shortage. The minimum flight time qualifications were dropped lower than they have ever been before. Some new hires are getting in the cockpit with as little as 300 hours. The average airline pilot has several thousand hours. With flight training declining every year due to the high cost, commercial pilots are becoming scarcer. When you add more airplanes while fewer pilots are being trained it creates a huge shortage. The Federal Aviation Administration pushed the mandatory retirement age to 65 adding 5 more years to a pilots career if he chooses to stay which many aren’t and won’t, due to the terrible state of the industry and conditions they have been working in. This is just a temporary fix that might stave off the shortage for a few years but hiring will start again and there won’t be enough pilots let alone enough experience pilots to fly all of these airplanes. Under regulation when oil quadrupled in the 70’s, the price was passed onto the consumer by raising ticket prices. This is unfortunate but it is a part of the way our economy works. Today with prices rising, the airlines will not raise prices and instead try to run other companies into the ground by lowering prices. This is not healthy competition. The airline industry lost 25 billion dollars from 2000*-2005. During that period a*irfares dropped 10* percent while 20 airlines went bankrupt. US Airways and Northwest Airlines have removed their obligation to their pension funds by pleading in *bankruptcy court that they couldn’t operate *without* do*ing so. This wiped out over 8,5*00 pilots retirement funds between the two of them. Over 7000 Delta pilots have also since lost their retirements. * Pilots have conceded roughly 25-35*% pay cuts along with losing their retirements in order to keep these airlines afloat and ensure the passenger gets a good deal on their ticket. Within the past few weeks Aloha Airlines joined the ranks and went out of business continuing the downward spiral of the airline industry specifically over the last 10 years. Delta and Northwest announced on April 14th a plan to merge which would create the largest airline in the world. There is also speculation of many more mergers and or bankruptcies to come. Mergers are a sign of these companies being better off w orking together than separate. That is certainly not the healthy competition the lawmakers of the 60’s and 70’s envisioned while forming this plan. Deregulation has lent instability to an industry which serves to make the world flatter. Maybe it would be in the broader interest if this industry went back to the era of regulation. Not that the system was flawless but at least with a guaranteed return on capital, airlines wouldn’t be forced to cut corners and compromise safety *. * There has been recent talk of law makers on Capitol Hill revisiting the regulation idea due to the horrible state of the industry. Hopefully they will work quickly and save the sinking ship before it’s too late*. SOURCES L. Smith Jr. , Fred. â€Å"Airline Deregulation. Library of Economics and Liberty 25 Nov 2008 http://www. econlib. org/library/Enc/AirlineDeregulation. html. *Barnum, John. â€Å"What Prompted Airline Deregulation 20 Years Ago? What Were the Objectives of That Deregulation and How Were They Achieved. *† Find Law Library 08/15/1998 25 Nov 2008 http://library. findlaw. com/1988/Sep/1/129304. html. *Bailey, Elizabeth E. â€Å"Airline Deregulation Confronting the Paradoxes. † Regulation: The Cato Review of Business and Government* 15, no. 3. Available online at: *http://www. cato. org/pubs/regulation/regv15n3/reg15n3-bailey. html*. *Transportation Security Administration*

A Critical Essay

If the above quote is to be examined, it actually says the opposite of this thesis statement; that art, such as music, theater and the like are expressions of society’s creativity. Ironically, though, it also bolsters it by saying that the personal expression of the artist, although not necessarily a reflection of society’s collective creative process and experience is actually the very basis from which society itself is being drawn into, modified, classified, shaped, molded, awakened, and finally, defined.Art after all, beginning from the artist’s own personal creativity, was created due to the artists reaction to, or personal reflection of a stimulus that came from his dealings and living in his environment and society; coming full circle when society shares and identifies with the artist’s own significant human experience.History is replete with artistic expressions of a group of people’s own intrinsic expressions of individuality and affinity am ong the members of the same group or community. This is in tune with the artist’s search for a sounding board within the society, and thus, shaping and reforming his own society.Art, being larger than the life that it supposedly mirrors does not only remain confined within the artist’s personal sphere. It seeks far wider audience, even beyond the community or society. It seeks the world to find a collectivity with the universal human experience.Folk art is one among the many forms where art is being elevated as a voice of a society, a generation or a community. Here it ceases to be a mere personal expression of the artistbut becomes a societal expression of creativity and significance. Art also functions as a chronicle of the human spirit, as well as the development of society as a whole. The songs, dances, poetry, paintings and other artistic expression serve as testament to the development of society.A society’s greatness, or otherwise is reflected in the art forms and expressions that would surface during one given time. It goes without saying therefore that a study of art would reveal much of a society’s soul. It is imperative therefore that art should be studied, understood, encouraged, cultivated and empowered.The clearest and most direct way to attain this of course is to go back to the source and soul of art; the artist and his interaction with life and the world he lives in. If art is to be cultivated, then we must create an environment that would be conducive and supportive of the artist. We must awaken the sense of artistry and the zest for artistic expression in every one of us, so that we will stand as chroniclers each, of the society we live in at our given present time.Let it flourish and be a collective expression that would stand time and in the process, enrich the future with a ready reference that would mirror our present society, and in effect serve as lessons for the future generations. Such is the irony of art that Johann Wolfgang Goethe once said there is no surer method of evading the world than by following Art, and no surer method of linking oneself to it than by Art. (Goethe, 1749)Such is the paradox that is art; one that is a personal expression but then again – art (and science) belong to the whole world, and before them vanish the border of nationality, (Goethe, 1749) as a matter of fact. The famous Latin expression says everything, after all; Vita Brevis, Ars Longa. Life is short, Art is songReferencesMiller, H. (n.d.). Henry Miller. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from http://www.henrymiller.org/ Von Goethe, J. (2008). Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/goethe.htm